Horraantii 1916, fiisigiska caanka ah ee Yuhuudda Einstein wuxuu ogaaday sirta laysarka. Laysarka (magaca oo buuxa: Kor u qaadista Iftiinka oo ay kiciso Qiiqa Shucaaca), oo macneheedu yahay "kor u qaadista shucaaca iftiinka oo kicisa", ayaa loo aqoonsaday hal-abuur kale oo weyn oo aadanaha ah tan iyo qarnigii 20-aad, iyadoo la raacayo tamarta nukliyeerka, kombiyuutarrada, iyo semiconductors-ka. Waa "mindida ugu dhaqsaha badan", "xukunka ugu saxsan", iyo "iftiinka ugu dhalaalaya". Magaca Ingiriisiga oo dhammaystiran ee laysarka ayaa durba si buuxda u muujinaya habka ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka laysarka. Laysarka wuxuu leeyahay codsiyo badan, sida calaamadaynta laysarka, alxanka laysarka, jarista laysarka, isgaarsiinta fiber optic, kala-soocidda laysarka, LiDAR, iwm. Maanta waxaan ka hadli doonnaa sida laysarka u gaaro shaqada cabbirka masaafada.
Mabda'a kala duwanaanshaha laysarka
Guud ahaan, waxaa jira laba hab oo lagu cabbiro masaafada iyadoo la adeegsanayo laysarka: habka garaaca wadnaha iyo habka wejiga. Mabda'a kala-soocidda garaaca laysarka ayaa ah in laysarka uu sii daayo qalabka qiiqa laysarka uu ka muuqdo shayga la cabbiray ka dibna uu helo qaataha. Marka la isku daro waqtiga safarka wareega laysarka, kala bar natiijada xawaaraha iftiinka iyo waqtiga safarka wareega waa masaafada u dhaxaysa qalabka kala-soocidda iyo shayga la cabbiray. Saxnaanta habka garaaca wadnaha ee masaafada lagu cabbiro guud ahaan waa qiyaastii +/-10 sentimitir. Habka wejigu ma cabbiro wejiga laysarka, laakiin wuxuu cabbiraa wejiga calaamadda lagu hagaajiyay laysarka.
Habka kala-soocidda laysarka
Ka dib markaan fahamno mabda'a kala-soocidda laysarka, aan eegno shaqada dhabta ah ee kala-soocidda laysarka. Badanaa, kala-soocidda laysarka saxda ah waxay u baahan tahay isticmaalka prism-ka milicsiga guud, halka kala-soocidda loo isticmaalo cabbirka guriga ay si toos ah u cabbiri karto milicsiga dusha sare ee darbiga siman. Tani waxay ugu horreyn sabab u tahay masaafada oo aad isugu dhow, xoogga calaamadda ee dib uga soo muuqata iftiinkuna waa mid ku filan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii masaafada ay aad u fog tahay, xagasha sii deynta laysarka waa inay ku toosan tahay muraayadda milicsiga guud, haddii kale calaamadda soo noqoshada aad bay u daciifsan tahay si loo helo masaafada saxda ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, injineernimada wax ku oolka ah, shaqaalaha ka shaqeeya kala-soocidda laysarka waxay u isticmaali doonaan xaashiyo balaastig ah oo khafiif ah sidii dusha milicsiga si ay u xalliyaan dhibaatada ka-soocidda laysarka ee daran. Mashiinka kala-soocidda laysarka ee tayada sare leh wuxuu gaari karaa saxnaanta cabbirka ilaa 1 millimitir, taasoo ka dhigaysa laysarka mid ku habboon ujeedooyin cabbiraad sax ah oo kala duwan.
Iyada oo ah shirkad tiknoolajiyad sare leh oo isku daraysa cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta wax soo saarka, Lumisopot waxay si madax-bannaan u samaysay modules-ka kala duwan ee laysarka semiconductor-ka 905nm 1200m, modules-ka kala duwan ee laysarka galaaska erbium 1535nm 3-15km, iyo modules-ka cabbirka laysarka masaafada dheer. Si ka duwan alaabada kala duwan ee laysarka ee shirkadaha kale, alaabtayadu waxay si buuxda u muujinayaan astaamaha cabbirka yar, miisaanka fudud, waxtarka kharashka badan, iyo awoodda lagu bixin karo tiro badan. Intaa waxaa dheer, moodooyinka alaabtayadu waa kuwo kala duwan waxayna dabooli karaan dhammaan baahiyaha kala duwan ee laysarka. Haddii aad xiisaynayso alaabtayada, fadlan xor u noqo inaad nala soo xiriirto.
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