Lumispot waxay bixisaa adeeg tayo sare leh iyo adeeg iib kadib, oo ay shahaadeeyeen nidaamyada tayada ee heer qaran, kuwa warshadaha gaarka u ah, FDA, iyo CE. Jawaab celinta macaamiisha degdega ah iyo taageero firfircoon oo iibka kadib ah.
Kusoo biir Baraha Bulshada si aad u hesho Qoraal degdeg ah
Dareemayaasha LiDAR ee hawada ku jiraWaxay qabsan kartaa dhibco gaar ah garaaca laysarka, oo loo yaqaan cabbiraadaha soo celinta kala go'an, ama waxay duubi kartaa calaamadda oo dhammaystiran marka ay soo noqoto, oo loo yaqaan qaab-dhismeedka buuxa, waqtiyo go'an sida 1 ns (oo daboolaya qiyaastii 15 cm). LiDAR-ka buuxa ee qaab-dhismeedka waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa kaymaha, halka LiDAR-ka soo celinta kala go'an uu leeyahay codsiyo ballaaran oo ku baahsan meelo kala duwan. Maqaalkani wuxuu si gaar ah uga hadlayaa soo celinta kala go'an ee LiDAR iyo isticmaalkiisa. Cutubkan, waxaan ku dabooli doonaa dhowr mowduuc oo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan LiDAR, oo ay ku jiraan qaybaha aasaasiga ah, sida ay u shaqeyso, saxnaanteeda, nidaamyada, iyo kheyraadka la heli karo.
Qaybaha Aasaasiga ah ee LiDAR
Nidaamyada LiDAR ee dhulka ku salaysan waxay caadi ahaan isticmaalaan laysarka leh hirarka dhererka u dhexeeya 500-600 nm, halka nidaamyada LiDAR ee hawada ku jira ay isticmaalaan laysarka leh hirarka dheer, oo u dhexeeya 1000-1600 nm. Dejinta LiDAR ee hawada ku jirta ee caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah iskaanka laysarka, cutub lagu cabbiro masaafada (cutubka kala duwan), iyo nidaamyada xakamaynta, la socodka, iyo duubista. Waxa kale oo ku jira Nidaamka Meelaynta Caalamiga ah ee Kala Duwan (DGPS) iyo Cutubka Cabbiraadda Inertial (IMU), oo inta badan lagu daro hal nidaam oo loo yaqaan nidaamka booska iyo jihada. Nidaamkani wuxuu bixiyaa meel sax ah (dhererka, loolka, iyo dhererka) iyo xogta jihaynta (rogidda, codka, iyo cinwaanka).
Qaababka uu laysarka ku sawirayo aagga way kala duwanaan karaan, oo ay ku jiraan waddooyinka zigzag, barbar socda, ama elliptical. Isku-darka xogta DGPS iyo IMU, oo ay weheliso xogta cabbiraadda iyo xuduudaha rakibidda, waxay u oggolaanaysaa nidaamku inuu si sax ah u farsameeyo dhibcaha laysarka la ururiyey. Dhibcahaan waxaa markaa loo qoondeeyay isku-duwayaasha (x, y, z) nidaamka isku-dubaridka juqraafiyeed iyadoo la adeegsanayo xogta Nidaamka Joodeetiga Adduunka ee 1984 (WGS84).
Sida LiDAR u shaqeeyoDareemidda FogShaqooyinka? Sharax si fudud
Nidaamka LiDAR wuxuu si degdeg ah u soo saaraa garaaca laysarka oo u socda shay ama dusha sare ee bartilmaameedka ah.
Garaacyada laysarka waxay ka tarjumayaan bartilmaameedka waxayna ku soo noqdaan dareemaha LiDAR.
Dareemuhu si sax ah ayuu u cabbiraa waqtiga uu garaac kasta ku qaadanayo inuu u safro bartilmaameedka iyo dib u noqoshada.
Iyadoo la adeegsanayo xawaaraha iftiinka iyo waqtiga safarka, masaafada loo socdo bartilmaameedka ayaa la xisaabiyaa.
Marka lagu daro xogta booska iyo jihada ee dareemayaasha GPS iyo IMU, isku-duwayaasha 3D ee saxda ah ee milicsiga laysarka ayaa la go'aamiyaa.
Tani waxay keentaa daruur 3D ah oo cufan oo matalaysa dusha sare ama shayga la sawiray.
Mabda'a Fiisikiska ee LiDAR
Nidaamyada LiDAR waxay isticmaalaan laba nooc oo laysar ah: hirar garaacis ah iyo hirar joogto ah. Nidaamyada LiDAR garaacis ah waxay shaqeeyaan iyagoo diraya garaac iftiin gaaban ka dibna cabbiraya waqtiga ay qaadato garaaca wadnahan inuu u socdo bartilmaameedka iyo dib ugu noqoshada qaataha. Cabbirkan waqtiga safarka wareega ah wuxuu ka caawiyaa go'aaminta masaafada bartilmaameedka. Tusaale waxaa lagu muujiyay jaantuska halkaas oo lagu soo bandhigayo baaxadda calaamadaha iftiinka la gudbiyo (AT) iyo calaamadda iftiinka la helay (AR). Isle'egta aasaasiga ah ee loo isticmaalo nidaamkan waxay ku lug leedahay xawaaraha iftiinka (c) iyo masaafada bartilmaameedka (R), taasoo u oggolaanaysa nidaamku inuu xisaabiyo masaafada iyadoo lagu saleynayo inta ay qaadanayso in iftiinku soo laabto.
Cabbiraadda soo celinta gaarka ah iyo qaab-dhismeedka hirarka buuxa iyadoo la adeegsanayo LiDAR hawada ku jira.
Nidaamka LiDAR ee hawada ku shaqeeya ee caadiga ah.
Habka cabbiraadda ee LiDAR, kaas oo tixgelinaya labadaba qalabka wax ogaanaya iyo astaamaha bartilmaameedka, waxaa lagu soo koobay isla'egta caadiga ah ee LiDAR. Isla'egtan waxaa laga soo qaatay isla'egta radar-ka waana aasaaska fahamka sida nidaamyada LiDAR u xisaabiyaan masaafada. Waxay qeexaysaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya awoodda calaamadda la gudbiyay (Pt) iyo awoodda calaamadda la helay (Pr). Asal ahaan, isla'egtu waxay ka caawisaa in la qiyaaso inta iftiinka la gudbiyay ee loo soo celiyo qaataha ka dib marka uu ka soo muuqdo bartilmaameedka, taas oo muhiim u ah go'aaminta masaafada iyo abuurista khariidado sax ah. Xiriirkani wuxuu tixgeliyaa arrimo sida hoos u dhaca calaamadaha oo ay ugu wacan tahay masaafada iyo isdhexgalka dusha sare ee bartilmaameedka.
Adeegsiga Dareemaha Fog ee LiDAR
Dareemaha fog ee LiDAR wuxuu leeyahay codsiyo badan oo ku baahsan meelo kala duwan:
Khariidaynta dhulka iyo juquraafiyeedka si loo abuuro moodooyinka kor u qaadista dijitaalka ah ee xallinta sare leh (DEMs).
Khariidaynta kaymaha iyo dhirta si loo barto qaab-dhismeedka saqafka geedaha iyo bayoolajiga.
Khariidaynta xeebaha iyo xeebaha si loola socdo nabaad-guurka iyo isbeddellada heerka badda.
Qorsheynta magaalooyinka iyo qaabaynta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, oo ay ku jiraan dhismayaasha iyo shabakadaha gaadiidka.
Dukumentiyada dhaxalka qadiimiga ah iyo dhaqanka ee goobaha taariikhiga ah iyo waxyaabaha qadiimiga ah.
Sahaminta juqraafiyeed iyo macdan qodista ee khariidaynta sifooyinka dusha sare iyo hawlgallada la socodka.
Hagaajinta gaadiidka ee iskiis u taagan iyo ogaanshaha caqabadaha.
Sahaminta meereyaasha, sida khariidaynta dusha sare ee Mars.
Ma u baahan tahay La-talin Bilaash ah?
Kheyraadka LiDAR:
Liis aan dhammaystirnayn oo ah ilaha xogta LiDAR iyo software-ka bilaashka ah ayaa hoos lagu bixiyay. Ilaha xogta LiDAR:
1.Muuqaalka Dhulka Furanhttp://www.opentopography.org
2.Sahamiyaha Dhulka ee USGShttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.Liiska Sare u qaadista Hay'adaha Isku-xirka Mareykankahttps://coast.noaa.gov/ inventory/
4.Maamulka Qaranka ee Badweynta iyo Hawada (NOAA)Xeebta Dijital ahhttps://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(Mareykanka_Data)
6.LiDAR Onlinehttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.Shabakadda Qaranka ee Kormeerka Deegaanka—NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.Xogta LiDAR ee Waqooyiga Spainhttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.Xogta LiDAR ee Boqortooyada Midowday (UK)http://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Barnaamijka LiDAR ee Bilaashka ah:
1.Waxay u baahan tahay ENVIhttp://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(LiDAR iyo xogta kale ee raster/vector) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.ISKU-DHAFKA/LDV(Sawir-qaadista xogta LiDAR, beddelka, iyo falanqaynta) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.Qalabka LAS(Koodhka iyo software-ka akhrinta iyo qorista faylasha LAS) http:// www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.LASUtility(Qayb ka mid ah adeegyada GUI ee loogu talagalay muuqaalka iyo beddelka LASfiles) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.LibLAS(Maktabadda C/C++ ee loogu talagalay akhrinta/qorista qaabka LAS) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Kala-soocidda qalooca baaxadda badan leh ee LiDAR) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.Muuqaalka Bilaashka ah ee MARS(Muuqaal 3D ah oo ku saabsan xogta LiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Falanqayn Buuxa(Software il furan oo loogu talagalay farsamaynta iyo sawiridda daruuraha iyo qaababka mowjadaha LiDARpoint) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Point Cloud Magic (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Akhristaha Dhulka Degdegga ah(Muuqaalka daruuraha dhibcaha LiDAR) http://appliedimagery.com/download/ Qalabka software-ka ee dheeraadka ah ee LiDAR waxaa laga heli karaa bogga internetka ee Qalabka Muuqaalka Dhulka ee Furan ee http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Mahadnaq
- Maqaalkani wuxuu ka kooban yahay cilmi-baaris ka timid "LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications" oo uu sameeyay Vinícius Guimarães, 2020. Maqaalka oo dhan waa la heli karaahalkan.
- Liiskan dhammaystiran iyo sharraxaadda faahfaahsan ee ilaha xogta LiDAR iyo software-ka bilaashka ah wuxuu bixiyaa qalab lagama maarmaan u ah xirfadlayaasha iyo cilmi-baarayaasha ku takhasusay dareenka fog iyo falanqaynta juqraafiyeed.
Afeef:
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Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-16-2024